So there are two guys that decide to jump of a very high place at the same time, but guy #1 jumps and lands into a huge air mattress, while guy #2 lands on cement. So why exactly does the guy who lands on the air mattress survive?
The reason is because of the amount of time each guy gets to collide with an object. Lets say guy #1 lands on the air mattress and the entire collision lasts about 1 second, while guy #2's collision lasts about 0.01 second. Within this amount of time both of their velocities are decreasing, but guy #1's velocity is decreasing at a more steady rate, while guy #2's velocity is decreasing in an instant. Guy #2 feels much more force because his time of impulse is much less that guy #1. Impulse is the average force upon the object multiplied by the force acting on the object, and is also the change in momentum of the object.
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